A review on solid oxide fuel cell durability: Latest progress, mechanisms, and study tools

The commercial breakthrough of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) is still hampered by degradation related issues. Most SOFCs that perform well do not possess good stability. To achieve a targeted rate 0.2%/1000 h important to durable SOFC device, it vital identify the sources degradation. So far, longest stable performance was given F1002-97, short stack from Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, which reached 93,000 operation at 700 °C under 0.5 A cm−2 constant current density with 0.5%/1000 h. In this review, we discuss most detrimental mechanisms for core components SOFC, mainly poisoning, microstructural deformations, and strains. Electrochemical, chemical, structural characterization tools quantifying are also presented. following section addresses recent progress in durability associated methods analyzing These techniques include different doping (including Mo, Nb, Co, Ce, Ta, Sn, etc.), surface modifications (e.g.infiltration, exsolution techniques, protective coatings), interface engineering. Finally, factors inhibit enhancement briefly discussed, such as inadequate knowledge process limitations material choices.